Oil and Gas in Morocco

Professional resource in Morocco for the hydrocarbon processing industry, oil and gasexploration and production- Information on Morocco oil, gas and ...Professional resource in Morocco for the hydrocarbon processing industry, oil and gasexploration and production- Information on Morocco oil, gas and ... Algeria is one of the world's most important oil and gas exporters.Morocco has no significant oil and gas production, but has about 2/3 of the ...\

Acquisition of Direct Bulgaria and Direct Morocco
Acquisition of New Exploration Block in Morocco
Award of Full Exploration Licence in Zag- Morocco
Award of Moroccan Oil Shale Exploration Project
Caithness Awarded New Acreage of Taounate, Morocco
Canamens Signs Offshore Exploration Agreements in Morocco
Circle Oil 2011 Update for Sebou Concession
Circle Oil Announces Operational Update for Morocco
Circle Oil Announces Successful Completion of Moroccan Seismic Survey
Circle Oil Commences Production in Morocco
Circle Oil Drilling Update in Morocco
Circle Oil Finds Gas in Latest Morocco Well
Circle Oil Has Made Further Gas Discovery in Morocco
Circle Oil Operations Update in Morocco
Circle Oil Plc, Operation Update in Morocco
Circle Oil Provides Operational Update in Morocco
Circle Oil Provides Update on Gas Discovery in Morocco
Circle Oil Sebou Commenced Extended Test Production
Circle Oil Signs Morocco Deal
Circle Oil Updates its Operations in Morocco
Circle Oil Updates Operations in Morocco
Circle Oil's Moroccan Agreement Formally Ratified and Partnership Underway with ONHYM
Circle Signed Moroccan Permits for Lalla Mimouna
Dana Acquires Exploration Rights Offshore Morocco
Dana Makes Gas Discovery Offshore Morocco and Accelerates Exploration Drilling Programme
Dana Petroleum Provides Morocco Exploration Update
Dana Petroleum Strikes Two New Deals in Morocco
Discovery in Well CGD-10, Sebou Permit, Morocco
Drilling Update in Sebou Permit, Morocco
Drilling Update Sebou Permit Morocco
DVM Acquires Tarfaya Offshore Comprising 8 permits
Foster Wheeler Awarded Project Management Consultancy Contract In Morocco
Foum Assaka Area Agreement in Morocco
Foum Draa and Sidi Moussa Operational Update
Fugro has been awarded large contract in Morocco
Fugro Robertson Snags Seismic Reprocessing
Further Gas Discovery DRJ-6
GB Petroleum Plc and PGNiG sign Memorandum of Understanding
GB Petroleum Plc awarded acreage in Morocco
Group Campi y Jové acquires exclusive distribution rights for Shell solvents in North Africa
Hydro Signed an Investigation Contract as Operator Offshore Morocco on Friday
Island Oil & Gas Awarded Exploration Permits in Morocco
Island Oil & Gas Extends Reconnaissance Contract in Morocco
Jacobs and OCP Announce Intent to Enter JVA
Jacobs Awarded Contract From OCP
Jacobs Joint Venture, JESA, Awarded Contract from OCP
Kosmos Energy Announces Q2 2011 Operational Update
Kosmos Reconnaissance Contract in Tarhazoute Block
Ministry Confirms Approval of Exploration Permits in Morocco
Moroccan Operational Update
Morocco - New 8-Inch Pipeline
Morocco Awards Contract to Total Energie
Morocco Gives Gas Pay to Circle Oil
New Cretaceous Prospects in Tarfaya Block, Morocco
Oil Shale Update Hydraulic Connectivity Established
Petrobras signs a schist study agreement in Morocco
Petronas Signs Offshore Petroleum Agreement In Morocco
Progress Made in Morocco By Circle Oil
Pura Vida Completes Mazagan Acquisition
Range Resources makes investment in Tangiers
REG-Island Oil & Gas Award of Exploration Permits
Rolls-Royce And Metragaz sign Long-Term Service Agreement for pipeline engine fleet
Saipem Awarded New E&C Onshore Contract in Morocco
San Leon Morocco Operational Update
San Leon Provides Projects Updates in Morocco
Sidi Moktar Farm-in Agreement and Proposed Financing
Sonatrach Signed Contract for Sale of Natural Gas
Stratic Announces Farmout of Moroccan Acreage
Stratic Wins Reconnaissance License in Morocco
Successful Completion of Moroccan Seismic Surveys
Tafejjart-1 Well Onshore Morocco Concluded
Tangiers Reports Increase in Zeus Prospect in Tarfaya
TAQA and THEOLIA Announces Strategic partnership in Morocco
Tarfaya and Zag Operational Update
Tarfaya Oil Shale Pilot Plant Update
Tekfen Construction Signs OCP Contracts
Tethys Oil Announced Drilling Rig Signed For Exploration Well Onshore Morocco
Tethys Oil Announces Operation Update Morocco Field Work Commences
Tethys Oil Has Spudded of Tafejjart-1 Well Onshore Morocco
Tethys Operational Update in Morocco
Tethys Signs Petroleum Agreement in Morocco
TransAtlantic Extends Morocco Presence
Transatlantic May Sell Existing Operations in Morocco
Transatlantic Operational Update in Morocco 2010
TransAtlantic Petroleum announces award of exploration permit in Morocco
TransAtlantic Petroleum Announces Farm-in to Seven Blocks in Morocco
TransAtlantic Petroleum Corp. announces award of reconnaissance license in morocco
TransAtlantic Petroleum Corp. Announces Farmout of Tselfat Permit in Morocco
Transatlantic to Sell All its Interests in Morocco
Transatlantic Updates Drilling Activity in Morocco
Vanco Announces Deepwater 3-D Seismic Acquisition Offshore Morocco
Vanco Energy Company Announces Drilling Agreement with ENI Morocco B.V.
Vanco Group Announces the Conclusion of Drilling Operations on Shark B Well #1
WSRW to Suspend Kosmos Funding
Morocco has a substantial infrastructure to support an active oil and gas exploration and production industry. Major seaports, roadways, airports, pipelines and refineries are near large cities endowed with the usual European and North American style amenities.


Morocco has upstream potential which is being developed. Although hydrocarbon occurrences in Morocco are represented by a variety of liquid and gas accumulations ranging from dry gas in the Rharb Basin, condensate in Essaquira, light oil in Essaquira and Prerif, to heavy oil in Tarfaya, most sedimentary basins are still largely unexplored. Exploration activities can be conducted all the year round.


Morocco has a well-developed downstream industry. Refineries owned and operated by Opil are located at Sidi Kacem and at Mohammedia near Casablanca and have 7 million ton capacity. They annually deliver about 4 million tons.


The Maghreb-Europe gas (MEG) pipeline has been operating since November 1, 1996. In its first phase the MEG will supply Spain and Portugal with gas. The 350 bcf of gas flowing yearly through the MEG can be doubled in the future to supply any other market on its way. The costs of the MEG portion crossing the onshore Morocco and the straits of Gibraltar is $US 800 million financed by gas consumers in Spain and Portugal. In Morocco, the exploitation of the MEG is ensured in a private framework.
Compared to its prolific oil producing neighbour Algeria, the North African Kingdom of Morocco has a modest upstream oil industry. Exploration for oil in Morocco first began in 1929 and by 1939, production was 5,000 tons/year (100 b/d) of oil. Crude oil output increased steadily up to the early 1970's reaching a peak of 420,000 tons.. The country's current proven reserves are estimated at 60,000 tonnes of oil, 1,020 million cu. m. of natural gas and 160,000 tonnes of gas condensate. In addition to oil and gas resouces, Morocco also has oil shale deposits at Timahdit and Tarfaya in the Atlas Mountains. Exploitation of these deposits has so far not been undertaken due to cost factors.


The Moroccan sedimentary basins cover a total exploration area of 417,000 sq km. The number of exploration wells so far spudded does not exceed 242 wells, a drilling density of 1 well per 1723 sq km or 0.06 well/100 sq km.


A more detailed analysis shows that the onshore sedimentary basins, covering an exploration area of 285,000 sq km, were tested by 214 wells, an exploration drilling density of 1 well per 1332 sq km. Considering the 111 wells spudded in the 29,000 sq km of the producing Essaquira and Rharb basins, the well density of the remaining onshore basins does not exceed 1 well per 2485 sq km.


The offshore sedimentary basins, under a water depth not exceeding 200 m, cover an exploration area of 132,000 sq km. The total number of wells drilled, so far, is 28, an exploration density of one well per 4712 sq km. 11 of these wells did not reach their objectives since 6 encountered technical problems and 5 were spudded off structure. The density is subsequently reduced to one well per 6950 sq km. 13 out of the 28 wells drilled are in the Tarfaya-Ifni area where a discovery of heavy oil and important light oil shows were recorded.


The remaining offshore exploration areas (117,000 sq km) are tested by only 16 wells, that is a drilling density not exceeding one well per 7310 sq km.


The most important oil and gas fields currently in production are the Essaouira Basin on the coast producing oil and natural gas, and the Gharb Basin in the north of the country producing natural gas. A considerable gas field has also been discovered at Meskala just north of Essaouira. The national (upstream) oil company, Office Nationale de Recherches et d' Exploitations Pétrolières (ONAREP), plans to develop this field and to sell the gas to the Office National de l'Electricité (ONE) which will install a 2.25MW turbine power station linked to its national grid on the site.


The companies currently involved in exploration and production activity in Morocco are Ashland - Santa Fe which is engaged in exploration work in the offshore area off the port of Agadir, and the Société Chérifienne des Pétroles which is involved in exploration and production in the Essaouira and Gharb Basins.


Lasmo has been awarded an initial, one-year prospecting licence to examine a block covering 7,000 sq.km. in the Essaouira region.


The Ministry of Energy & Mining and the Office National de Recherches et d’Exploitations Pétrolières (ONAREP) have recently announced the extensive hydrocarbon exploration and production opportunities on offer to the international oil industry. With proposed changes to the Hydrocarbon Law in 2000, the potential prospects both on and offshore are extremely attractive to foreign investors.
French company Vitogaz is building an LPG import terminal and tank farm near Casablanca with a capacity of 40,000 ton pa. Somas, which is owned by Elf, Afriquia, Shell, Total and Sodipi has an underground gas tank farm at Sidi Larbi with a capacity of 110,000 tons.


Morocco is progressing with plans to privatise its energy sector. The government is currently in the process of privatising the country's two refineries. In 1993 seven product distribution networks were sold to Mobil, Shell and Total. Total Maroc, now 100% owned by Total Outre Mer following its acquisition of the 50% stake previously held by the Société Nationale Des Produits Pétroliers (SNPP) has sales of one million tons per year including jet fuel, LPG, heavy fuel and lubes and holds 16% of the gasoline market with a network of 300 service stations. Other companies privatised are the Société Marocaine des Hydrocarbures (CMH), and Dragon Gaz (LPG), acquired by the Italian firm Dragofina.

Transparency, Trust and Confidentiality

There is no two syllable word, let alone one syllable with more or less that I dictate more to my assistant or write to clients and prospective clients in memos than transparency। I sign far more confidentiality agreements and non disclosure agreements (collectively, "NDA") than all other agreements combined. I sign 8-10 a week or more that are requested of me, and on principle, I request and get more signed when I disclose items from my business ventures. Certainly, there is protection in an NDA when someone breaches the agreement and you become aware and you choose to pursue legal remedies because the value of the non circumvention outweighs the time, effort and legal costs. On the other hand, as said, I get them signed on principle, as it is nearly impossible to value breach of a non circumvention and the time spent as such would take away from the time I pursue positive pursuits.

What is the purpose of a confidentiality agreement? As a business consultant, it is transparency in disclosing an open book of due diligence to be able to help a client but so many people do not trust regardless of an NDA and they are incapable of transparency or don't seem to comprehend the definition। Usually, clients and prospective clients are seeking to raise capital in a business plan yet they almost always withhold information that all investors would what to know like what they have invested in the business as just one of many examples. Their business plans skirt over details on competitors or their market analysis is very incomplete. Often, their business plan contains hyperbole versus facts on everything from their bios to their historical revenue.

We will not complete business plans that lack transparency as they are not only poor business plans, but they are also not honest। What is honestly has been redefined by many, even good Christians. It isn't just being honest in what you write, state or claim, it is being truly honest when you do not avoid complete disclosure or you make general statements when specific statements are readily available. True honestly is full disclosure and full transparency.

Trust begets trust। When someone trusts you to be transparent and open with then, to share their business details completely as an example, then you trust them. You can then have faith and confidence in them. Conversely, if they hold back, it is easy to wonder what do that have to hide and that fosters mistrust. You want to have faith in others, but that should be faith based on trust developed from honest transparency. Blind faith should be saved for faith in the Lord or other Gods or deities if you are not Christian.

Lastly, but far from least, I want to work on projects and with people that can succeed, and opportunities for success are greatly impaired without trust and transparency. If you have a similar philosophy, contact me at tim@thebusinessplanconsultants.com to schedule a call.


Too Busy for Your Business or Marketing Plan?
We are all busy, some more than others because they are not as organized or their priorities are skewed. Many years ago, in a series of articles I wrote on communication, I wrote something called Busy, focusing on how being busy is a crutch or excuse more often than not. The reality is we are never too busy for things that are truly important to us, so ask yourself what is important. Is growing your business important to you and your family? Is raising capital to expand or launch your business important? If the answer is yes, then why can't you manage your schedule to prioritize a marketing or business plan?

Hopefully, we assess and reassess our priorities on a regular basis. When doing so, it is important to understand how organized and effective communication allows us to accomplish more, an area I have consulted or coached business owners from tech executives to an owner of holistic health centers. Almost all of us are busy, but are we organized so that we manage our time effectively to accomplish much more within a busy schedule...and therefore have move free time for family and loved ones? In my April 11th blog, Top Ten Time Management Principles in Business, I discuss how I manage my time. Part of that is that the overwhelming majority of my calls are scheduled calls that fit within the schedule of staff, partners, investors, clients and prospective clients. Another part of that is managing my schedule and tasks in my email inbox for 17 years now.

We offer very high quality, transparent business plans completed from the perspective of an investor, and we do so with at least three team members working on each plan based on their specific experience. We have a process, a series of scheduled calls to discuss and gather needed raw information from the client to reviewing drafts of plans and forecasts separately until they are final. We know clients are busy running businesses or in other ventures, so we try to minimize their time, usually 4-6 hours over 20-30 days to complete a business plan as we take the ultimate lead.

Again, ask yourself those questions about what is important to you, and if your business growth or launch is important and therefore you need a business plan, then why can't you find an hour or two per week over a period of several weeks to make the happen? If you can't find that time, then maybe you are fooling yourself on how important your business is, or just maybe, busy has become a crutch in business and otherwise.
Posted by Tim at 8:37 AM 3 comments
Saturday, August 27, 2011
SBA or Partners – Primary Business Funding Options
Over the last six months the economy has slipped in certain areas. We see consumers’ confidence down, much like in 2008 when AIG, Lehman and more led to a downturn. As a consultant in the healthcare sector to pension funds, these managers of many millions of dollars in investments echo similar thoughts. From the standpoint of completing business plans, although our Google rankings are much higher for many searches like “green business plans” as one example, we see fewer entrepreneurs and business owners Googling us to address their business plan needs in 2011 versus 2010. Why? Again, it goes to consumer confidence in their ability to raise capital for businesses and succeed in the current market place.

Throughout history, there has always been fluctuation in the markets and economy. This downturn has lasted longer than most, with certain impacts not yet fully felt, such as the real estate market. Nonetheless, the majority of businesses are recession proof, and even in a downturn in an area such as real estate, there are always opportunities. As an example, over the last few years, we have completed a couple of dozen business plans for real estate with different models and different requirements and have many clients that have been successful in raising capital to take advantage of the downturn.

Businesses need capital and without question capital is tight. To access funds, a custom business plan completed by a team of experts that is on the pulse of the current economic situation and funding opportunities is critically important. Typically when providing a free consult on a business plan we look at two primary options for funding: i) SBA or ii) equity investment through angels, private partners or sometimes venture capitalists. SBA does require a good credit rating - a minimum of 680 was quoted by a senior manager of an SBA program at a major bank this week - as well as some equity investment, typically 10-25% depending on various factors. In many cases even startups that have already invested into their business may qualify.

Finding private investors still requires a very similar and high quality business plan, and that is a custom basis, not the negatives in templates I have blogged about often, a plan that is suitable for SBA loans or equity investment. We receive many inquiries about obtaining VC funds, an area in which our SVP of Finance and his team is intimately familiar, including our own custom database of over 750 VC and equity investment companies. However, unless the client has a new breakthrough technology for first phase funding or maybe assured contracts for major sales, or it must have substantial trended sales and investment in the business for VC firms to want to invest in second stage funding. Startups are not the realm of a VC firm unless a technology with little to no competition is involved, but many plans are the types of plans that very often can attract angel or private investor monies.

There are lots of so-called business plan consultants and plenty of people that can write. But the old saying “garbage in, garbage out” applies to those consultants and their clients all too often, let alone flawed templates that are so easy for entrepreneurs to Google and mistakenly use. We are different as we provide in-depth consulting to a custom business plan to suit many funding options and in many cases we get involved in obtaining that funding.

Ask us (tim@thebusinessplanconsultants.com) for a free quote.
Posted by Tim at 11:53 AM 1 comments
Saturday, July 2, 2011
Green Business Planning Flaws
Our company (www.green-businessplans.com; www.solarbusinessplans.com) focuses on green and renewable energy business development, where we have assisted over 20 solar companies with business development as just one example। Over the last several years we have conducted extensive research on green and renewable trends, such as this White Paper
http://green-businessplans.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/The_Greening_of_the_American_Economy.pdf that was published at the Go Green Expo in the spring 2010. The great news is that there is a tremendous growth in the sale of green products and services, let alone a more extended growth in the sale of organic and natural foods and the use of renewable energy. Studies have shown a 38-62% growth in solar sales over the last three years. This support for renewable energy is clearly bipartisan as referenced in a Gallop Poll just months ago. As a society we clearly know we must recycle and utilize renewable energy.

This great news is not big news at all to the many green business owners and entrepreneurs that approach us to help with their business plan or seek capital to expand. Personally, in a prior career I owned and operated healthcare facilities and still provide selected consulting in that realm. Green entrepreneurs are very much like most healthcare providers in their attitude and approach, basically feeling that because they are giving back and doing good things that they are entitled to capitalization and success. In principle that does make sense, but in reality we still have a struggling economy and consumers that have daily purchasing decisions based on affordability first and sustainability second.

There is a growth in green consumerism but that growth is in two distinct areas. First, there are the “tree huggers” or those that purchase sustainable products virtually regardless of price, paying more for those products than they would for traditional ones. While they are a growing segment, it is still a small percentage of the population. The second opportunity for green entrepreneurs is consumers that will choose sustainable products over traditional products when prices are at least comparable. Studies have shown that well over 50% of consumers make these types of decisions.

The economy still drives the business, green or not. Over the last few years, investment bankers on our team have used a proprietary database of over 700 institutional and venture capital firms to access capital for our clients. Investment bankers are much more selective and have even higher expectations over the last few years. They prefer technology but will invest in other sectors, including retail/wholesale products. However, they are wary of competition. Unless a company is an industry leader, which means substantial sales, often seven figures rather than six, they will not invest. One VC CEO I spoke to recently advised that his company, not one of the larger VC firms by any standard, received at least 150 inquiries each month. Unless there is a great Business Plan available supporting an Executive Summary to get in the door, the only thing they will pursue further is intellectual property even though they invest in a wide spectrum.

Money is available, and we can access angel investors who are a bit more flexible, but in an economy that is competitive for that money, clearly it takes a transparent and thorough business plan that address factors that concern investors. There are no shortcuts to success and that includes even worthy sustainable missions.

Is Your Business (Plan) Important To You?
Your business plan should have many purposes, the first as a road map to your success from operations to marketing. Typically, we write plans with the purpose of raising capital and include that road map focused on areas like a market analysis and a marketing plan.

There are several old sayings, some not so old, that ring true, such as “walk the walk, don’t just talk the talk.” Everyone tells us their business plan is important to them or otherwise why would they seek us out on an ad or Internet search or engage us as a consultant? Then when it comes to completing the plan, they don’t act like it is important when they are not available for scheduled calls or don’t address our concerns - sometimes due to overconfidence or lack of experience.

There are dozens of examples of items we request and sometimes struggle to receive, like when stress the need to establish a deep team from the principal’s resume/bio to a marketing firm, or a lead distributor, or a development team of substance if a construction project.

We try to make it as easy as possible to complete a business plan, gathering information on scheduled calls with members of our team, then sending a follow up memos to clients about items only they can provide or questions only they can answer. We are hired to research and write the business plan, not to act as a recruiter when the team is incomplete. That doesn't mean we haven't recruited when paid to do so.

Sometimes certain contracts that are critical to the business plan are not in place. The plan can be delivered subject to the client adding that contract at a later date if requested. We have sometimes been asked to negotiate contracts, but that is beyond a business plan engagement.

We can provide additional services beyond writing the business plan that include business development, where we establish relationships and agreements that deliver products, services or market opportunities. Our SEO and web development team has achieved great results with Google searches to drive revenue affordably as well.

We can provide virtual CFO services, act as interim Corporate Secretary or Board Member in helping companies get organized as well assist in almost any aspect of operating a business, thus lessening risks to an investor when a client is seeking capital and lower costs for growing companies in hiring employees in certain departments until they achieve certain targeted revenues.

Top Ten Time Management Principles in Business
Top Ten Time Management Principles in Business 1) Be honest direct, open and transparent in communication, both written and oral, as time is wasted in interaction otherwise. 2) If you need a signed Confidentiality Agreement or NDA to be open, then ask for or provide one. Thereafter, share existing written background beforehand to maximize time on a scheduled call. 3) Being organized to be accomplished means there is other time set aside besides scheduled calls with partners, investors, staff, sub-contractors, clients, potential clients and other business relationships. 4) Scheduling calls is dramatically more productive. Trading calls is not productive time, as busy and successful people are rarely available randomly, and messages and voice mail will be the result of random calls 90% of the time, or 10% of the time you reach someone. You reach someone 100% of the time of scheduled calls. The more important the interaction, the less likely you will reach someone randomly. 5) Email is much more effective tool to manage your schedule, including scheduling calls that are important to maximizing our productivity. 6) I assume and respect that others time is valuable, and therefore expect the same respect for the utilization and value of my time. 7) Business is business, and unless there is an emergency like when I owned healthcare businesses, with emergencies unlikely in my business now, there are normal business hours. I will schedule calls from 8AM to 4:30PM, occasionally Saturday AM at times. Other time is personal time and family time, and that time must be respected. 8) My business and therefore my commitment to being organized and productive with my time and the resulting earnings in my business is primarily for the benefit of my family and ability to give back. Therefore, if you disrespect my time and schedule, you are in effect hurting my children and others. 9) Respect is critical in life, and respect for others time being as important as yours means we each accommodate schedules to schedule calls and aim to be productive on those calls based on advance review of documentation or agendas. Of course, family, personal emergencies and certain business partners take priority, and scheduled calls can be rescheduled with email notice in advance as possible. 10) If you feel your time is more valuable than my time, and call randomly despite my time management expectations including scheduled calls, then we should not do business together unless you a serious existing benefactor or investor in selected cases.


Step One in Business Plan Development - Determine Scope of Work
We complete business plans and assist in capital access as well for experienced business owners as well as entrepreneurs that are new to operating a business. The extreme diversity of those that contact us, let alone send draft business plans, is as varied as a thesis from a PhD from MIT who graduated with honors to someone who doesn't even know what school is.

Approximately one in three people that approach us ask for a price for completing their business plan without volunteering any information about the proposed or existing business. If we were like the many former unemployed writers or bankers who claim to be business plan experts but use templates and price based on the same volume of writing within that template, we would provide a flat price regardless of what the prospective client's goals might be, what their related background might be, how much research is needed and more to have the best opportunity for a client’s success. However, our clients’ success is very important to us and we don't want work that doesn't have a reasonable opportunity for that success.

We don't tell you just what you want to hear either like so many others, but will advise openly and without sugar coating based on our understanding of SBA, SBA Express, Bank, VC and Angel expectations for a wide range of businesses. The economy is recovering but it is a slow process. Some regions are doing better than others. Some types of businesses are doing better or great, like solar which is booming in many states and good in others. Some types of businesses are recession proof, like a restaurant that knows their composition, have well thought our marketing strategies and quality food with relative value. Most others aren't that straight forward and take some discussion to determine the best options and content in a business plan to achieve reasonable goals, i.e. "scope of work."

Recently I tried to explain the term scope of work to a business neophyte, but she responded after two requests with one sentence as to the scope of work of a business plan that needed to be drafted. I admit that I laughed. Do people think you'll get funding no matter your background? That obtaining capital and hence components of the business to the right target audience will not be influenced by how much they have invested in the business? By historical sales if not a start up? By a great market analysis that compares competition in detail versus little more than a list? These questions (and answers) and more depending on the business determine the scope of work of a business plan and therefore the research and content needed to support the affirm the business plan purpose, raising capital. This information would be critical to investors and would shape the amount of work needed by the consultant for research and time and, therefore, determine the appropriate price for a plan that may accomplish goals in 10-12 pages or 50 plus pages.

Be wary of those that quote one flat price for everything! The result will be a template with tons of useless information, let alone insufficient or sometimes even excess information just to fill in the blanks versus a custom plan that attracted capital so much more often. When we plans other "experts" complete that results in a smoothie shop business plan looking like a plan for intellectual property or vice versa, like two received from clients looking to fix business plans done by other consultants, then something is very wrong.

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French PM Francois Fillon has defended his government's economic policies following the decision by ratings agency Standard and Poor's to downgrade the credit rating of France.

He said the government would push ahead with reforms and debt reduction.

Standard and Poor's said Europe's austerity and budget discipline alone were not sufficient to fight the debt crisis and may become self-defeating.

The downgrade stripping France of its top AAA rating was announced on Friday.

The government is on a communications campaign to tell the French there is no need to panic and that the policies of reform and debt reduction will continue as planned, says the BBC's Hugh Schofield in Paris.

Mr Fillon told a news conference that if France was in the firing line, it was primarily because of its exposure to the crisis in the eurozone.

"This decision constitutes an alert which should not be dramatised any more than it should be underestimated," he said.

"This decision was expected, even if one could find it came at the wrong time, given the efforts made by the eurozone, which investors are starting to see."

It was not government policies that were under attack from the ratings agency, he said, and so those economic policies would be maintained, with the goal of cutting spending and bringing the annual budget back into surplus by 2016.


German Chancellor Angela Merkel also spoke on Saturday, saying Europe still had a "long road" ahead to restore investor confidence, after the multiple credit rating downgrades of nine eurozone countries in total.

On Friday, S&P's said France was being downgraded one notch, to AA+. The country still has a top AAA rating from the other two main ratings agencies, Moody's and Fitch.

S&P's also said Italy, Spain, Cyprus and Portugal were cut two notches, with the latter two given "junk" ratings. Germany kept its AAA rating.

Austria, Slovakia, Slovenia and Malta were the other countries downgraded.

Credit ratings are used by banks and investors to decide how much money to lend to particular borrowers.

The cut in the so-called sovereign ratings of governments is likely to lead to most other borrowers domiciled in the same countries - including banks and companies - being downgraded.

Although the move has been widely expected, it is still likely to make it somewhat more difficult and expensive for borrowers from those countries to raise money, including for the governments themselves.
Emergency teams have found two more bodies in the partially submerged Costa Concordia cruise liner that sank off the western coast of Italy.

It brings to five those known to have died after the ship, carrying more than 4,000 people, hit rocks on Friday.

The coastguard said divers had found the bodies of two unidentified elderly men trapped in a flooded area.

Earlier three survivors were found, more than 24 hours after the ship ran aground near a Tuscan island.

Coastguard spokesman Filippo Marini said the two elderly victims were "found on the third floor in a meeting area section of the ship".


Capt Francesco Schettino: "We were last to leave the ship''
He said the bodies were being taken to the mainland for identification.

Shortly before they were recovered, Tuscan regional official Enrico Rossi said 17 people remained unaccounted for.

The ship's operator, Costa Crociere, said the vessel had been following its regular course on the first day of a Mediterranean cruise when it hit a submerged rock.

Police are investigating why the accident happened in calm conditions, a few hundred metres from the island of Giglio.

Méthode , Projet

Projet : le mot magique, autant une mode qu'un mode de fonctionnement.

Les méthodes agiles sont des groupes de pratiques pouvant s'appliquer à divers ... Lorsque le projet, quel que soit le nombre de participants, dépasse en durée ..... Scrum, ne disposant pas de métrique de gestion du changement à ce niveau.

Tout est projet, et nous avons tous besoin de méthode. Voir, juger et agir. Analyser, planifier et contrôler. Ce que nous appellons la gestion de projet pourrait n'être qu'une collection de recettes variées adaptées à de multiples situations. Il est vrai que selon les métiers et les contextes, on qualifie de projet des objets qui n'ont souvent rien en commun : la construction d'une usine, le lancement d'un nouveau produit, la conception d'un logiciel, des choix politiques ou sociaux... Pourtant, notre esprit cartésien retrouve des modèles théoriques et des méthodes d'organisation qui permettent d'utiliser des outils communs pour gérer ces projets. Vous trouverez sur ce site quelques pistes pour en dresser l'inventaire, en commençant par les outils de planification, qui ne sont qu'une petite partie du problème.Les auteurs du livre Ce que manager par projet veux dire écrivent : Nos sociétés modernes sont devenues des "sociétés à projets". Les projets concernent autant les institutions (projet scolaire, projet d'établissement hospitalier, projet de loi, projet politique, projet de société...) que les individus, à tous les stades de la vie (du projet éducatif au projet de retraite, en passant par les projets professionnels, familiaux, existentiels...). Cette omniprésence du mode projet dans tous les aspects de l'activité humaine renvoie à une vision idéalisée de ce mode d'action. Le projet semble alors devenu un instrument qui donne l'espoir à l'homme de ne plus seulement subir les événements, mais de pouvoir maîtriser le cours de l'histoire et forger le futur à sa façon. De quoi parle-t-on exactement ? Que se cache-t-il réellement derrière ce mot magique, supposé constituer un remède miracle pour les hommes et les organisations de ce début de siècle ?

Management et information : une (r)évolution ?Nous voyons arriver de nouvelles approches qui il y a quelques dizaines d'années n'était imaginée que dans les ouvrages de science-fiction. La gestion de la connaissance et ses impacts sur le management et la gestion de projet n'ont pas fini d'être expérimentés et étudiés.

On appelle « gestion de projet » (éventuellement « conduite de projet ») l'organisation méthodologique mise en œuvre pour faire en sorte que l'ouvrage réalisé par le maître d'œuvre réponde aux attentes du maître d'ouvrage et qu'il soit livré dans les conditions de coût et de délai prévus initialement, indépendamment de sa « fabrication ». Pour ce faire, la gestion de projet a pour objectifs d'assurer la coordination des acteurs et des tâches dans un souci d'efficacité et de rentabilité.

C'est la raison pour laquelle, un « chef de projet » est nommé au niveau de la maîtrise d'ouvrage afin d'être en relation permanente (en théorie) avec le chef de projet du côté de la maîtrise d'œuvre. En raison de l'ambiguïté évidente que constitue le terme de chef de projet, l'AFNOR préconise qu'un terme alternatif tel que « responsable de projet » soit utilisé de façon préférentielle pour désigner le chef de projet de la maîtrise d'ouvrage. Les termes « chef de projet utilisateur » ou « directeur de projet » sont parfois également employés.

Dans le cas de projets importants, le maître d'ouvrage peut nommer une Direction de projet, c'est-à-dire un équipe projet sous la responsabilité du responsable de projet chargée de l'aider dans la gestion du projet, ainsi que dans les décisions stratégiques, politiques et de définition des objectifs. Le chef de projet doit être dégagé de ses activités et de ses responsabilités courantes afin de se consacrer à la gestion du projet.

Le terme « management de projet » intègre la notion de gestion de projet à laquelle il ajoute une dimension supplémentaire concernant la définition des objectifs stratégiques et politiques de la direction (il intègre donc la Direction de Projet).

Le choix d'une méthodologie pour conduire un projet, aussi contraignant peut-il paraître, est un atout permettant à tous les acteurs de projet de mener conjointement une action organisée selon des règles clairement exprimées. Cette méthodologie commune est d'autant plus importante que les acteurs du projet sont parfois amenés à changer en partie au cours du projet !

Study Exploration Petroleum

There is a saying in the petroleum industry that "oil is found in the minds of men." Even with the most sophisticated scientific techniques, finding hidden ...Mud log in process, a common way to study the rock types when drilling oil wells. A prospect is a potential trap and Gas?

Petroleum refers to any naturally occurring hydrocarbons that are found beneath the surface of the earth, no matter whether these hydrocarbons are solid, liquid or gas. The solid and semi-solid forms of petroleum are called asphalt and tar. Whereas liquid petroleum is called crude oil if it is dark and viscous, or condensate if it is clear and volatile. And of course there is natural gas, which can be associated with oil, or found entirely by itself.

Mankind has used the various forms petroleum for centuries. The Babylonians used asphalt to pave paths and caulk boats, and the ancient Egyptians used tar to prepare their mummies. In fact, mummy is a derivation of the Arabic word for tar. Condensate was an essential ingredient of Greek fire, the secret weapon of Byzantium, and the ancient Chinese used natural gas to light their imperial palaces. These ancient cultures found petroleum by simply looking for oil seeps or gas seeps and hoping that an adequate source was nearby, but the search for oil and gas today is much more complicated.

Several geologic elements are necessary for oil and gas to accumulate in sufficient quantities to create a pool large enough to be worth producing. These elements include an organic-rich source rock to generate the oil or gas, a porous reservoir rock to store the petroleum in, and some sort of trap to prevent the oil and gas from leaking away. Traps generally exist in predictable places - such as at the tops of anticlines, next to faults, in the updip pinchouts of sandstone beds, or beneath unconformities.To find a convergence in the subsurface of the geologic elements necessary to form an oil or gas pool requires a careful blend of science and art. To discover what geometries and compositions the rocks might possess deep 

underground, geologists examine the rocks where they are exposed in surface outcrops, or they examine aerial photographs and satellite images when surface access is limited. Geologists also work closely with geophysicists to integrate seismic lines and other types of geophysical data into their interpretations.

The collection of seismic data involves sending shock waves into the ground and measuring how long it takes for the subsurface rocks to reflect these waves back to the surface. The shock waves that are used today are usually generated by pounding the earth with giant vibrator trucks, but in the past gephysicists preferred to explode small dynamite charges in shallow holes. However, environmental restrictions in most places today prevent using explosives to collect seismic data.  

When shock waves created by the vibrator trucks travel into the earth, boundaries between the rocks reflect the waves back, and the arrival times of the waves back at the surface are detected by listening devices called geophones. Computers then process the geophone data and convert it into seismic lines, which are nothing more than two-dimensional displays that resemble cross-sections.

Seismic lines in the old days were just that . . . two-dimensional lines created by laying the geophones out in single line. But today, the data is commonly collected as an intersecting grid of seismic lines referred to as 3-D seismic volume. Data collected in this fashion may even be used to help create 3-D computer models of the underground geometries of the rocks.

Geologic and geophysical clues are enticing, but drilling is the only way to learn if an oil or gas field really exists. Once a well is drilled, well logs yield data on the types of rock present and, most important, what fluids these rocks contain. The information interpreted from the logs is used to decision whether a well should be completed and used to produce oil and gas, or filled with cement and abandoned. The logs are also used to update the geologic models originally used to locate the well.

Today, the average wildcat well has only one chance in ten of finding an economic accumulation of hydrocarbons. A rank wildcat, if drilled in a frontier area, stands only one chance in forty of success. The odds are much better for a development or extension well, but nothing is a sure bet in the oil business. Thus, even though explorationists (oil and gas prospectors) of today have better tools than their ancient predecessors, luck remains a significant factor in the search for oil and gas. The reality is that most wildcats turn out to be dry holes, in fact about 82% of those drilled. Also, not every development well becomes a producer, which demonstrates that nothing is a "sure bet" in the oil industry.

Producing Well - Producing Well is a well that is used to produce oil and/or gas. Producing wells generally have pipe, called production casing, that is bonded to sides of the well hole, in other words to the rock on the sides of the hole, with cement. If the pressure inside the reservoir is high enough, then oil flows from the well to the surface on its own. However, most wells need help getting the oil to the surface. When "artificial lift" is used, oil flows into the well through holes in the casing that are called perforations and collects in the bottom of the well. Sucker rods connected to a pumping jack at the surface move up and down inside the casing to work a pump that is placed where the oil collects. These rods open up a valve on the downstroke and allow oil to flow in above the pump. This valve then closes on the upstroke to literally "lift" the oil to the surface. Because formation pressure alone is sufficient to bring gas to the surface, gas wells do not need pumping jacks.
Reservoir Rock - If a rock has enough porosity and permeability that oil or gas can flow through it, then the rock is a potential reservoir. Although the amount of pore space may not be very much, most rocks, in particular sandstones and conglomerates, have at least some porosity. If enough pores are present, the pores are large enough, and the pores are interconnected so that fluids flow through them (i.e., the rock is permeable), then the rock is a potential petroleum reservoir. With sandstones, a porosity of 18% or more is usually needed for an economic oil reservoir. Gas flows easier than oil, so as little as 12% porosity may be enough for a gas reservoir. Less porosity, perhaps as little as 9%, is enough if the reservoir is also fractured. Because of fracturing, limestone and dolomite reservoirs can have much lower porosities than sandstone reservoirs, yet be capable of producing greater amounts of oil.
Porosity and permeability are important, but a petroleum reservoir needs to contain hydrocarbons as well. In most reservoirs, the pores are filled entirely with a salty solution called formation water, but in a few reservoirs some oil or gas is present as well. A general rule of thumb is that 40% or more of the pore fluids must be hydrocarbons (i.e., the water saturation is less than 60%) in order for the reserovir to be economic enough to produce. If the water content is greater, then the oil tends to stay behind and the reservoir produces only water. These types of reservoirs are said to be "wet". If the water saturation is less, then the reservoir may be "productive". Whether or not it will be "economic" to produce and make any money will depend not only on the rate of production, but also on how long the well will produce.


Satellite Images - Petroleum geologists utilize many different types of data in the search for oil and gas. Seismic data and data collected from wells that have already been drilled are the staples of the industry, but surface outcrops, aerial photographs and satellite images are also important sources of data.
Satellite images are similar to photographs, but differ in that photographs record visible light only and do so in a fashion that resembles what our eyes see. By contrast, satellite images can record infrared and ultraviolet light, which we can't see, as well as the visible spectrum. Computer technology can then assign colors to the invisible spectrum to create an image that resembles a photograph. Thus, a satellite image can be made entirely from invisible radiation, or a mix of visible and invisible. The computer can also reasign colors, so that reds become blue, or whatever color you wish to represent them.


Below is an example of a satellite image of California. It is actually made up of a mix of infrared, visible and ultraviolet light, but colors have been assigned to the different frequencies so that the end result resembles a photograph.


Seal - In order for petroleum to be trapped in the subsurface, impermeable rocks of some sort need to be present to keep oil and gas in the trap and prevent the upward migration of these hydrocarbons to the surface. The impermeable rocks that fulfill this function are known as seals. Shale, salt, and cemented sandstones are all protential seals. However, as oil matures in the reservoir and becomes lighter and more buoyant due to the effects of temperature, it may eventually be able to overcome the effectiveness of a seal and start to leak out of the reservoir. Thus, rocks that were once great seals will start to leak when the day arrives that the bouyancy of the hydrocarbons in the trap exceeds the capillary entry pressure of the seal. However, once the buoyant hydrocarbons have escaped a seal may once again be able to trap hydrocarbons and create a pool of oil or gas.
Seismic Lines - When an earthquake or explosion happens, shock waves, also called seismic waves, travel through the ground and reflect off rocks in the subsurface the same way that ripples in a pond reflect off a boat in the water. Because boundaries between different rocks often reflect seismic waves, geophysiscists use these waves to generate pictures of what the subsurface looks like. It is much the same as using sonar to create a profile of the ocean floor, except seismic waves are used instead of sound waves. Dynamite explosions or vibrator trucks are used to create the seismic waves, and geophones laid out in lines measure how long it takes the waves to leave the seismic source, reflect off a rock boundary, and return to the geophone. The resulting two-dimensional image, which is called a seismic line, is essentially a cross-sectional view of the earth oriented parallel to the line of geophones.
Although seismic lines are two-dimenisional, in other words they reoresent a cross-section, it is possible these days to collect 3D seismic and 4D seismic data as well, where 3D data represents a volume, and 4D data includes the dimension of time. For example, two 3D volumes collected at different points in time would represent 4D data, and it could be used, for example, to look at the effects of steam flooding on a field over a period of time.


When seismic waves generated by dynamite or vibroseis reach a bedding plane separating rocks of different acoustic impedance (velocity * density), then a portion of the waves reflects back to the surface, causing the ground surface to rise or fall depending on whether the expansion or compression phase of the wave is being recorded. The remaining portion of the waves is refracted and diffracted. "Wiggle traces" (shown above) in a seismic line record the "two-way" travel time (from source generation to bed to geophone arrival time) of a reflected wave. An illustration of this concept is shown below.






Only a few years ago, most 2D seismic lines were variable area displays (see the example on the left) made of wiggle traces, in which each trace represents a geophone on the surface. Peaks and troughs on the wiggle represent up and down movements of the geophone, in which the vertical axis of the wiggle is the two-way travel time of the shock wave, and the amplitude of the peak or trough indicates the magnitude of geophone movement. Generally, peaks face right and are colored black to make it easier to interpret the line. In variable density displays, shades of gray are used to represent amplitude instead of peak/trough deflection.


The Society of Economic Geophysicists (SEG) has a convention that troughs represent upward motions of the ground, and peaks represent downward motions. However, many companies have their own conventions, and it can all get quite confusing. At shallow burial depths, troughs (upward expansion) often represent low-velocity sands, and peaks (downward troughs) are high-velocity shales. Yet with greater burial, the sands become faster than the shales, and the troughs will switch to represent shales. Thus, part of the job of a geophysicist intrepreting a seismic line is to figure out what the polarity of his data is and whether the peaks represent sands or shales, bearing in mind that everything represented in the deep part of the seismic line may completely the opposite of everything in the shallow part.


Today, dual-polarity displays of seismic data have largely replaced variable density displays and "wiggle traces". In most dual-polarity displays the troughs are colored red (to indicate low-velocity sands at shallow depths), peaks are colored black (to indicate high-velocity shales), and transitions between peaks and troughs are not shown at all. The troughs are then reversed, and superimposed on the original traces so that both peaks and troughs face the same direction. Dual polarity displays (see the example on the right) with variable density are also used, where different shades of red and black indicate the amplitudes. Although red and black seem to the most popular colors, dual-polarity displays can be made of course with any color combination.


Please click here to learn more about seismic waves 
that are used to acquire and interpret seismic data.


Seismic Waves, which is another name for shock waves that travel through the earth, are the fundamental elements used to create seismic lines. To learn more about seismic waves, click here.
Source Rock - Most geologists agree that oil and gas form from the preserved soft parts of ancient organisms that were buried, and then broken down and converted into petroleum by the combined effects of heat and time. Buried organic matter is called kerogen, and a petroleum source is any rock that contains enough kerogen to generate oil or gas. Most source rocks are shales with a total organic content (TOC) of at least 3%. Short amounts of time and large amounts of heat can convert kerogen to oil, or long amounts of time and small amounts of heat. Most liquid oil forms from plankton, algae, or bacteria, and most gas is associated with oil. However, some gas forms directly from "woody kerogens", such as pollen or other plant remains, or from oil that has been broken down by too much time and temperature.
Most oils in California are sourced by shales of the Miocene Monterey Formation. The most organic-rich Monterey shales are those in in which the kerogen is the preserved soft parts of diatoms, microscopic plants that live suspended in the upper few meters of the ocean. Most Monterey kerogens are also high in sulphur, and because sulphur bonds break easier than caron-oxygen bonds, Monterey shales tend to generate oil at lower temperatures than other source rocks.


3-D Computer Models - These days, many oil companies use sophisticated computer programs to create three-dimensional computer models (lower left) of the reservoirs they produce oil and gas from. These models can simply show where the different faults and rock types are within the reservoir, or they can show things such as the distribution of porosity within the reservoir sandstones. The beauty of 3D models is that they can be sliced in any direction to produce two-dimensional views (lower right), including cross-sections (vertical views) and maps (horizontal views). The view below is a cross-section.




3-D Seismic - A 3D seismic volume or cube is created by shooting a closely spaced grid of 2D lines and interpolating between the lines to create a "3-dimensional volume" of data that is also referred to as a cube. This volume can then be be sliced in any vertical dimension to create 2D lines, or sliced in horizontal plane to create time slices, which represent constant time. The volume can also be sliced along reflection boundaries to create "horizon slices" that, more or less, parallel bedding.
4-D Seismic - 4D seismic is the term used for 3D sets with identical spatial configurations that are shot at different times for the purpose of examining the change in a reservoir over time. Sometimes the term "4-component seismic" is used, which means the geophones record not only vertical earth movements, but two directions of horizontal movement, as well as pressure within the sediment or water column. 4-component seismic is used in acquiring marine data only...
Trap - Petroleum reservoirs contain interconnected pores filled with water and hydrocarbons (oil and gas). Because most oils are lighter than water, they migrate upward through the pores, or along and faults and fractures, and make their way to the surface to discharge as oil seeps (click here for a picture of a seep). The exception is when a seal exists, some sort of impermeable barrier, that prevents the upward migration of oil. Shale, salt, and cemented sandstones are all protential seals.
If the geometry is such that a seal forms a trap, such as in an anticline, then oil accumulates behind the trap to form a pool which, if large enough, can be produced. Oil will continue to migrate into the trap until the base of the pool reaches a spillpoint, where the excess oil escapes to renew its upward journey to the surface. Traps may also be formed by faults, pinchouts and unconformities.


Traps are classified as to whether they are structural or stratigraphic. Traps formed by anticlines and faults are examples of structural traps, and traps formed by unconformities and pinchouts are types of stratigraphic traps. Permeability barriers are another type of stratigraphic trap.


Diagenetic traps also exist, where phase changes from one rock type to another may create a reservoir or a seal. Diatomite reservoirs in the San Joaquin Valley are an example of a diagenetic trap, with Opal A and Quartz phase rocks representing reservoirs, and Opal CT phase rocks representing seals.


If a trap possesses both structural and stratigraphic elements, then it is a combination trap. For example, the pinchout in the cross-section above shows a combination trap made up of an anticline that also contains a stratigraphic pinchout on the right flank of the structure. Many of the anticlines in the San Joaquin Valley are large structural traps, that also contain smaller combination traps similar to this pinchout.


Unconformities - An unconformity is a surface of erosion. If reservoir beds beneath an unconformity are tilted, and impermeable beds above the unconformity form a seal, then a trapping geometry results. The giant Midway-Sunset oil field in the San Joaquin Valley is an example of an unconformity trap. Prudhoe Bay field in Alaska is another.
Vibrator Truck and Vibroseis - In the old days, seismic lines were acquired using dynamite as the energy source. Today, most onshore seismic data is acquired using vibroseis, where the energy source is a giant vibrator truck in which a pad in the middle of the truck rests directly on the ground to raise the truck so that the pad supports the full weight of the vehicle. The truck then vibrates to put energy into the ground. If your computer can play shock wave files, then click here to see an animation of the process in action.
Well Logs - To determine what types of rocks are in a well, geologists and engineers typically use well logs, which are simply measurements of various reservoir properties, such as density or resistivity, plotted versus depth. Well logs are usually made by lowering a measuring device to the bottom of the hole, and then measuring the reservoir properties as the device is raised to the surface. Most of the time, the data is transmitted, as it is collected, back to the surface through the same cable that was used to lower the logging tool into the well. There are many different types of well logs, most of which are idenitified by a confusing array of acronyms.
Please click here to learn more about well logs.


Wildcat Well - An exploratory well drilled a mile or more from existing production. If the well is drilled in a frontier area where there is no existing production, then it is a rank wildcat.

Machines digging water wells

At almost every construction site you see these days there is probably a backhoe or mini backhoe onsite. The main use for backhoes is excavating. Some of more well known companies that manufacture backhoes are Case CE, Caterpillar Inc., Volvo, Komatsu, and Ford Motor Company. You may sometimes hear backhoes being referred to as a back actor or rear actor.

Water is one of many important things needed by every living creature on earth, water sustains life on earth. Even human body is 80 percents consisted of water. Without water, there won’t be life. Water on earth is available on the surface or deep underground. Most water we use nowadays comes from deep underground. And since it is located deep underground, the only method to get it is by using multiple well drills to drill for water. All the well drills will drill from the surface or from deep underground, possibly from cave or something similar. The water well drill will drill until it reaches certain depth; this certain depth is known to have layers of underground water as well as mud as the result of the combination between water and soil. The depth the water well drill must reach always vary or different from one place to another. It may be quite shallow in one place, and extremely deep in another place.

When you are going to find water with a water well drill, it must be noted that well drill is not the only equipment needed. The equipment needed may vary depends on the location you are using the water well drill. For example, when drilling rocky or hard soil, you may need multiple well drills, casings, as well as strong drilling rigs to support the water well drills. Or when drilling normal soil with known shallow layers of water, it is most often the only equipment needed is a standard well drill and some simple casings. The function of the casing is as the case for the water well drill to prevent unwanted materials from spewing out uncontrollably.

Drilling for water is not complicated, when you buy a water well drill, there are also instruction manuals supplied by the well drill manufacturers, or if you can’t afford to buy it, for example when you need more advanced water well drills, there are many kinds of well drills available for rent, from the basic to the most advanced. There are experts available for hire, you don’t have to think about how to drill a well anymore, and you can let the experts do it for you. The water well drill itself is actually not much different in its working method from standard house drill; the only difference is it drills for water.

It is also best to think carefully before you decide to use a water well drill. You will have to do some research first, to find out how deep is the water layer the drill has to reach, how much water it can give, how long it will last, and to know if the soil is hard, normal, or soft, because if the soil is hard, then you will have to use more advanced drills. Otherwise, if you use the wrong drill, it will be broken by the hardness of the soil. All the result of the research will give you detailed information, and also give you conclusion about the total cost to drill the soil.

Never ignore all the important information, advices, or rules you must know before starting to drill. It will greatly help you in performing the drilling process, helping you to save money, keeping your sanity, and also greatly reduce the risk of injury or working accident that may happen at any time if you failed to comply with all the important things needed. It must be noted, a water well drill is a highly dangerous construction device. Never play around with it, always pay attention to working condition, if something is not right or not working as it supposed to, immediately take the appropriate measurement. Always maintain a safe work condition. Lastly, enjoy your new water source.ave you ever wondered by how some people seems to have almost infinite supplies of water in their homes? And it is not only that, they don’t seem to get poor nor have their cash drained away by their extremely enormous usage of water, they water their plants all day, fill their pool and drain it more than 3 times a week, and make everyone envious by their supplies of water. What did they do? What are their secrets? Their secrets are well drills. This is what they did, instead of having water flowed to their houses by traditional water pipe from the national water company; they found their own water supplies by having well drills to drill water wells in their yards.

A well drill is one of many solutions for people who need immediate water supply. Traditionally people just have their water supply problems solved by the water company, they still have to pay monthly fee based on usage volumes, that way they have to be really wise in using water for all their needs. And sometimes there are times when they can’t get water because there is a repair in progress at the pipelines, broken pipelines, or simply because they don’t remember to pay the water bills. Considering all the problems, some people start to think about another better solution. One of the solutions is by using well drill to get water.

Now perhaps you or some people out there may be thinking that how to drill a well is a complicated process, if not to mention it can be expensive and dangerous. Actually it’s much simpler than what most people believe.  Of course you will have to use water well drill and not standard wall drill, because there is no way you can find water with wall drill, it is just ridiculous. Now if you think that the well drill is expensive because it’s different, then you really have to get more information. Well drill is just like standard drill, with different drill tip, well drill uses particular tip, mainly shaped like grinder or propeller. These well drills will drill the soil; it will keep on drilling until it reaches the required depth or certain depth which is known to contain aquifer (body of water which runs deep underground). When the well drill hit the aquifer, it will let out extremely fast flow of water or also known as water gush above to the surface. With the water is flowing out, the well drill finished its work and can be retracted back to the surface. The well drill then can be used to drill in other place.

Most well drills are not expensive, if you compare it to your water bills and the amount of water you can get. It’s obvious that drilling a well is a more efficient solution to solve a water source problem. Although there are also some well drills which are quite expensive for sale or rent out there, but you will not need these kinds of drills. Unless you are planning to supply the whole city or state like what the water company does. The water company uses advanced and expensive well drills to drill the soil for water. That is why it can supply you with water in case you are wondering how the water company gets the water. Usually the well drill you need will not be more expensive than what you spent for water during the last few years. And all the money you spent to buy or rent a well drill will eventually pay off in few years and you will not have to worry about water anymore for the next so many years to come. Imagine rich source of water, and it’s yours. All thanks to well drills.

Water Well Drill

International offset well data for drilling & completions performanceTo drill any well there are lot of things we need to keep in our mind, such as equipment to use in drilling and to make it as well. Water well drill bits are main thing which is used in drilling of the well. While choosing the drill bit one should remember that there are several types of well drill bits and there are many important factors which should be kept in mind during the selection of the drill bit e.g. requirement, size, quality etc.

To make it easier for the person to select the well drill bit one should concern about it with another person who has already built one. And as with the increase in the water wells around us, now it is very easy to understand and know what are the things and ways which can be used in drilling of the well. For the people who do not know much about the water well drill bits should know that they are used to drill through the earth to extract what’s inside it. Also there are two types of water well drill bits exist, roller cone and fixed cutter. Both are being used for to server different purposes Fixed Cutter is the drill bit where there are no moving parts. Fixed cutter can consist of polycrystalline diamond product. Roller cone cab based on either milled tooth or tungsten carbide inserts.

Both types of drill are made to match the ideal situation of the drilling area and demands. To increase the effectiveness of any drill bit for any situation the person could enhance its performance by adding different additional enhancements. Also there are some other factors which play major roles in the selection of the drill bit, such as to select the drill bit according to the drilling format that needs to be followed. As by following the formation, effectiveness of the water well drill bits may vary. Also the types of formation which are being used normally are three, soft, hard and medium. Soft formation covers the area where there are clays, shale and soft lime stones. The formation which is called medium and it is used in dolomites, hard shale etc. And the final formation which is called hard formation covers the area of mudstones, cherty lime stones etc. The two types of above mentioned water well drill bits are built on the advance technology to provide the good performance and they also have the ability to penetrate easily through rocks and clays. At different location different water well drill bits are being used to extract natural resources.

Through water well drill bits many have now owned themselves the wells of water or oil, not only individuals but also many wells are now being owned by the different governments, companies, firms or factories all around the world to fulfill their needs for money, water or oil supply. To have the idea what drill bit suits your plan for drilling for water well, one should contact the best advisors in town or city which works in drilling wells. So through that the person will not only save the money but he/she will also have the long term solution to the problem of water shortages or any other water related problem. One should focus on the area or location as well, in which the drilling would happen, because if there is any road or any other government property than the person should be careful about them too, and should take the permission to run this project. The most important aspect is to arrange and maintain the cost of the drilling, as it plays the main part in hiring equipments or machines, rigs and men power to drill for your water well.We live in the busy times where we need everything on time. Water is the most important thing in our life, as we use it in each and every food, cultivation, even in production of many things. Not only human but water is very necessary thing for the animals and plants too. Many people live in the places where there is not water supply company or where there is no normal way of having water when need, in those places this very necessary to have something which not only supply the water we need but also store some for the future use. Wells are the most useful thing which everyone uses to have water when needed, because through that not only people have lot of natural water, but they also can supply it to their crops, animals etc.

In this time of economic crisis, everyone tries to save money also. And to do that people use many different tricks or they may cut their budget to save money or to spend their earnings wisely. Also many people who are in need of the water and there is lot of water shortage in their area, those people can make their own water well to save money, time and also to fulfill their need of water too. And to do that people can use many ways as well drills etc. As everyone know that approximately 97 percent of fresh water can be found under the earth. And wells provide this ground water to the people who want to utilize it. Also in crop irrigation, industries and agriculture this water can be used. Some wells are the provider of hot water and other geothermal resources. There are types of wells like wells that are just used for the normal usage or extraction while others are used as the monitoring wells or observation wells.

A well is usually defines as an artificial hole in the surface of earth to access the liquid inside the earth. Not only water but wells are also being used to seek oil and natural gasses as well. Well have many parts like its upper or top part is called wellhead. Its appearance can differ from one another, as it totally relies on the purpose of the well.

People, who are going to drill, should know how to do it and what could be the perfect location for it. Also the equipment should be known, to be there to drill. Also the owner should know that how they are going to maintain the well and what would they do when any problem occur. While making the well one should know that there are problems that can be faced during the construction of it, so they should have the ability to cope with them. Also the well should have a vault to protect it from the outside dangers. Vault is actually a thing which is made up by the cement floor, with a drain, cement walls and a steel top. The most common things use to built the well includes the sanitary seal, casing, casing seal, well screen and the pump.

So to drill the well one should know above things and also to keep the budget alive to run the project easily. Money plays vital roles because it is not that easy for everyone to drill the well, but the one who want to remain without a problem of water shortage should go for this solution of water well, which not only provide them the needed water but it will also store the water along with saving money which we were previously paying for water.

The whole world is surrounded by many problems and one of them is water problem. There are many areas all around the world where people are facing the problem of water shortage. Also there are some areas where there is no way of getting water or there is no normal water supply. Everyone knows that water is very necessary things and every living being wants it. Humans, plants and animals need it on daily basis. And if there is no supplying water then they could face the major problem like dehydration etc. Many people who are facing this problem also want to have the solution. And to do that many people are using technology which actually support their cause. Many people use wells to solve the problem of water shortages and to have the well they use different water well drill techniques like deep rock well drill, shallow well drills etc.

The shallow well drill is used for the wells which are usually completed by hands or with the use of non-specialized machinery. The well which is build through shallow well drills, is completed by installing a large casing which keeps the hole open and also backfilling around the area of the casing. So if the person wants to access the water he can easily do it from above the ground. Well Drill is not that easy to do job. It is very tricky and complex business. And the person who wants to have the shallow well drill should leave this job to the professionals and should consider talking about it with the experts. But the one should think completely about the shallow well drill, that how he is going to manage the cost, what machineries will be there for how many days (their rental) and also the usage of men power etc. This should be discussed with the experts (who have already experienced well drills or have already done the well drills), as they will tell you that how to drill a well and how you can manage your budget. Also another good thing is to talk with the relative, friend or the person who already got themselves a water well of any type about well drills, as they can also give you suggestions and ideas how to start with and how can you later maintain the well.

First thing which a owner should think is to see and confirm the site, where the well would be built. After that there are certain equipments which should be there to help the well drill. Also there should be a digger, big pipes and other materials should be there which can be easily available in the well drill product store. While the digging or well drill of the area the pipes are actually inserted inside the earth to extract the water inside it, and than also it is connected with the pump or any other machines, which actually work to keep the water coming out of the well. Many people do use automatic machines, which works with the help of electricity. These pumping machines keep spilling out the water to the water storage system of the owners, like tanks etc.

During the work you should keep in mind that do not leave an unfinished well hole open. It could be danger for the pets, children etc, as they could fall into it. So whoever wants to or have the plans to have a shallow well, should first consider many important aspects of well drills and then to make it work the plan of well drill should be completely implemented. Shallow well drill is very ideal for the person who have the small budget and who is completely in the favor of his own way of extracting water to solve his water shortage problems.